Progestin-Only Pills
Progestin-only pills (or mini-pills) contain small doses of progesterone. Women who feel uncertain about using estrogen pills, who suffer from side effects related to estrogen, or who are nursing may want to take these pills rather than combination pills. There is still some question about the specific ways in which progestin-only pills work. Current thought is that they change the composition of the cervical mucus, thus impeding sperm travel. They may also inhibit ovulation in some women. The effectiveness rate of progestin-only pills is 96 percent, which is slightly lower than that of estrogen-containing pills. Also, their use usually leads to irregular menstrual bleeding. As with all oral contraceptives, the user has no protection against STIs.
Depo-Provera
Depo-Provera is a long-acting synthetic progesterone that is injected intramuscularly every three months. Although used in other countries for years, the FDA did not approve it for use in the United States until 1992. Researchers believe that the drug prevents ovulation.
Depo-Provera encourages sexual spontaneity because the user does not have to remember to take a pill or to insert a device. Those who want to start a family can easily decide to do so without much of a waiting period. There is fewer health problems associated with Depo-Provera than with estrogen-containing pills. The main disadvantage is irregular bleeding, which can be troublesome at first, but within a year, most women are amenorrheic (have no menstrual periods). Weight gain (an average of five pounds in the first year) is common. Other possible side effects include dizziness, nervousness, and headache. Unlike other methods of contraception, this method cannot be stopped immediately if problems arise.
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